Update and summary of the EAU/ESPU paediatric guidelines on urinary tract infection in children.

Key Takeaways

• 1
  Urinary tract infections (UTIs) represent the most common bacterial infections in children.
• 2
  Escherichia Coli (E. Coli) remains the leading causative organism, though other bacteria and multi-drug resistant strains are increasing in prevalence.
• 3
  Microscopic urinalysis is recommended following a positive dipstick test.
• 4
  A renal and bladder ultrasound is generally recommended after an initial febrile UTI, with additional investigations tailored based on patient and infection characteristics.
• 5
  Cornerstone of management is prompt, targeted antimicrobial therapy matched to local sensitivity patterns and adjusted according to sensitivity testing.
• 6
  Recurrence prevention strategies include chemoprophylaxis, non-antibiotic prophylaxis, and treating underlying conditions like phimosis, bladder-bowel dysfunction, and lower urinary tract dysfunction.