[Effects of indoor environmental pollutants on allergic diseases in children: a Meta-analysis].

Abstract / Summary

Objective: To evaluate the impact of indoor environmental pollution on childhood allergic diseases in recent years through Meta-analysis and explore the potential effects of pollution exposure on children's health. Methods: Literature published between January 2015 and March 2025 was retrieved from China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform, VIP Information Database, PubMed, and Web of Science. Additional studies were identified through reference tracing and manual supplementation. Studies meeting inclusion criteria were screened, and relevant data were extracted and analyzed. Results: A total of 36 studies from 9 countries were included, including 25 studies conducted in China. Most studies were cross-sectional ones (21), followed by cohort ones (8), case-control ones (4), and combined (cross-sectional and cohort) ones (3). Study participants were children aged 0-12 years. Indoor pollutants closely associated with allergic diseases included particulate matter, chemical pollutants, and biological pollutants. Meta-analysis results indicated that environmental tobacco exposure (OR=1.51, 95%CI:1.16-1.98, P=0.003) significantly increased the risk for childhood asthma; the exposure to new furniture (OR=1.44, 95%CI:1.13-1.83, P=0.003) was significantly associated with allergic rhinitis; the exposures to mold (OR=2.81, 95%CI:2.25-3.51, P<0.001), cockroach (OR=1.59, 95%CI:1.26-2.00, P<0.001), and damp or mouldy environmental surface (OR=1.42, 95%CI:1.26-1.62, P<0.001) significantly increased asthma risk. The exposure sensitivity varied across the development stages of children, with high sensitivity in infancy and early childhood. Conclusion: Children can expose to indoor environmental pollutants through multiple routes, including inhalation and skin contact, in daily life, which might increase the risk for allergic diseases by inducing abnormal immune responses and pose a significant threat to children's health. 目的： 通过Meta分析，评估近年来室内环境污染对儿童过敏性疾病的影响，并探讨污染暴露对儿童健康的潜在影响。 方法： 检索中国知网、万方数据知识服务平台、维普资讯数据库、PubMed和Web of Science 5个数据库中2015年1月至2025年3月发表的相关文献，结合参考文献回溯补充，筛选符合标准的文献并提取数据进行分析。 结果： 共纳入36篇文献，覆盖9个国家，其中研究地点为中国的文献25篇。研究类型以横断面研究为主（21篇），其余为队列研究（8篇）、病例对照研究（4篇）及横断面与队列结合研究（3篇）。研究对象年龄范围为0~12岁。与儿童过敏性疾病密切关联的室内污染物主要包括颗粒物、化学污染物及生物污染物。Meta分析结果显示，环境烟草烟雾暴露（OR=1.51，95%CI：1.16~1.98，P=0.003）显著增加儿童哮喘风险；新家具暴露（OR=1.44，95%CI：1.13~1.83，P=0.003）与过敏性鼻炎显著相关；霉菌（OR=2.81，95%CI：2.25~3.51，P<0.001）、蟑螂（OR=1.59，95%CI：1.26~2.00，P<0.001）及环境表面潮湿或发霉（OR=1.42，95%CI：1.26~1.62，P<0.001）显著增加哮喘风险。不同生长阶段的暴露敏感性存在差异，婴幼儿期为污染物影响的高敏感窗口。 结论： 儿童在日常生活中通过吸入或皮肤接触等多种途径暴露于室内环境污染物，这些污染物可能通过诱发免疫系统异常反应，增加过敏性疾病的发生风险，对儿童健康构成重要威胁。.

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